Refractor



p 4 F. w. JOBE ETAL 2,329,907

REFRACTOR Filed Jan. 28 1942 2 Sheets-Sheet l FREDERICK W. JOBE RAYMOND F. ESTEGEMAN' INVENTORS BY %lm ATTORNE Sept. 21, 1943. F w, JOBE ET AL 2,32Q,9Q7

REFRACTOR Filed Jain. 28, 1942 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 3 47 FREDERICK w. JOBE RAYMOND EESTEGEMAN 45 INVENTORS ATTORNEYS Patented Sept. 21, 1943 REFRACTOR I Frederick W. J obe, Brighton, and Raymond Stegeman,

Rochester, N.

Y assignors E to Bausch & Lomb Optical Company, Rochester,

N. Y., a corporation of New York Application January 28, 1942, Serial No. 428,582

Claims. wrest-22)") Y r Figure 5 is a partial back elevation of the The invention relates to' eye testing devices and more particularly has reference to ophthalmic instruments of the class known as refractors.

An important object of the invention is to provide a refractor of novel construction which is designed to permit eye testing to be conducted with facility and accuracy. Another object is to provide an eye testing device having improved cornea sighting means which may also be used to measure the distance of the test lenses from each cornea of a patient. Still another object resides in the provision, in each lens carrying housing of a refractor, of a hollow shaft on which lens carrying disks are mounted and with which optical means are aligned for observing a patients eye. A further object is to devisea refractor construction which obviates the use of direct light on a patients face during testing procedure.

Still a further object of the invention is ,to provide lighting means within each housing of a re.-

fractor whereby to illuminate the lens power numerals on the lens carrying disks of the device. Still a further object resides in the provision of simple mechanism to adjust the instrument to the pupillary distance of a patient.

With these and other objects in view which maybe incident to the improvements herein described, the invention consists in the parts and combinations to be later set forth, with the understanding that the necessary elements of which the invention is comprised may be varied in construction, proportion and arrangement without departure from the spirit thereof or without 'exceeding the scope of the appended claims. To make the invention clearly understood, the

accompanying drawings show means for carrying the same into practical efiect without limiting the improvements in their useful applications to the specific constructions which, for the purpose of illustration, have been made the subject of illustration. 1

In the drawings, wherein like reference characters indicate like parts throughout the diiierent views:

Figure 1 is a front elevation of the refractor with parts broken away to show various details of the interior of each lens carrying housing and also the pupillary distance adjustment.

Figure 2 is a partial side elevation taken in series through a lens carrying housing to detail the illuminating means for the lens carrying disks.

Figure 3 is a partial plan view taken in section on the line 33 of Figure 1. p

Figurel is a side elevation of the instrument.

,strument to a desired pupillary distance.

refractor. I

Figure dis a partial side elevation taken 'in section on the line 6-6 of Figure 1.

Figure 7 shows the cornea scale as itappe'ar's in the -field of view of therefractionistp As shownin Figure '1, the refractor fOrmingthe subject of this invention comprises two lens carryinghousings t0 and Ilwhich are adjustably attached tothe usual pivotmember l 2 and' 'which are movable towards'and away from each'otheif.

Pivot member l2 ispivoted, in 'wellknown man nento a conventional'supportM soias' toallow customary tilting adjustment of the, instrument about a horizontal axis on "the actuation of'the operating button l3. Support I4 is constructed to carry the instrument for rotatable adjustment about a Vertical axis, clamp l5 being provided for holding it in adjusted position; and the support is also adapted to engage thearm of a suitable ophthalmic stand and to be'secured in mounted position thereon by the screw l5.

Each housing l0 and II is made up of a front face member I6 which is secured to a back face member I! by screws l8, reference being made to Figures 1, 4 and 5. As usedjherein the term front'designatesthe face of the refractor which 'is'adjacent the operatorsor most distant from the patient while back is used to designate the face of the instrument which is nearest, thepatient; p

The construction for adiustably securing the lens housings ID and l l to pivot member l2 makes use of a recess H! which is formed in the upper portion of each front face member l6,for receiving an elongatednut 20. Each nut is suitably secured within its. respective recess l9 andhas its outer portion slidably mounted within a bore 2| which extends through the pivot member I2. A screw 22 also-extends through the'bore 2| and has each of its ends enga ed with a nut 20. The

center portion of the screw 22' is unthreaded and has an operating wheel 23 secured thereto, the pivot member l2 being suitably cut away to permit wheelj23 to be mounted on the screw.

It will; be apparent that by rotation of wheel 23, the housings l0 and II may be moved towards and away from each other so as to adjust the in- Keys 24, one for each nut 20, are each carried by the pivot member l2 in the manner shown in Figure 1 andare each adapted to extend within a groove 25 formed ina nut so as to prevent rotation of the lens housings on actuation of the screw] 22 -A sc'aleifi, secured to the front face member l6 in conjunction with the refractor. During test- Sight opening 28 is best shown in Figure 1 wherein the left eye E and the' nose N of a patient being tested are illustrated ing, the forehead of the patient bears against a forehead rest 29 which is adjustable in a plane normal to the plane of Figure 1 by conventional mechanism operated on the actuation of the knob The usual lens disks employed with instruments of this character to carry cylindricaland spherical lenses are rotatably mounted in each housing I!) and H so that the lenses may be selectively brought into registry with, the sight openings 2! and -28. When inoperatingposition, each lens has its optical axis substantially perpendicular tothe planecf the sight openings. Referring toFigures ,L Z and 6, the cylindrical lens system in each housing land H comprises a disk 3;! having a suitable memberof spaced concentric openings all of which, except the opening 3! whichisusedas an open aperture, there is rotatablyjmounted. a cylindricallens 3?. These lenses are arranged in the openings to successively differ in strength by constantsteps of len power for example by steps of 0.2 5 diopter, I

the power of the lens 32 or open aperture 3i in or .registrywith the sight openings 2'! and 28. The "open aperture "3! is in. registry with .the sight lopeningsdin Figure 1 as indicated by theap fi :anceb'fihe numerals 0.00 in the wir1dow'35. "f Conventional mechanism, not shown but siniilar to that set forth in US. Patents 1,804,691 and 1,945,940 to C.-L. Hunsicker, is mounted .withineach housing [0 and .H torotate'the Siahdtfilso the cylindrical lensesSZ soas tofallowdesiredorientation of the axis of each .ofthe latter .Each-disk 3i is rotated in either direction upon suitable actuation of theoperatingknob 33 at the frontof its lens carrying housingwhile the lenses 32 of theedisk are rotated in .their seatsjby .the operating knob 36. 1 The usual. sight tube 31, provided with a pointer 3B, is' rotatably. mounted within each'sight open- ,ing 28,,a'ndiisrotated by well known means driven by the mechanism for. rotating the lenses 32 in their seats.' Locationpf,thefcylindefl'axis of a lens 32 inoperatingorworking.positionwith the sight openingsis indicated by the position of the adjacentfpoi'nter. 38 on the dial 39"formed on the iront face of the housing for thelens. 1 The constructlon for mounting the spherical lens system inieachhousing makes useof a hellow shafted-threaded into a support plate M which is: suitablysecured to the back face member H of its respectiue lens carrying housing. ;'1hreedisksfl; 43 and A6 arerotatably mounted disk on each shaft. Each disk has spaced concentric openings that are adapted to be selectively brought into registry with the sight openings in their respective lens housings on rotation of the disks.

Disks 44 and 43 are each provided with a suitable number of openings, one opening in each disk being left free to provide an open aperture and the remaining openings having spherical lenses seated therein. Disk 44, commonly called the basic sphere disk, carries strong positive and negative spheres which successively differ in lens power by constant steps of relatively large degree, for example by 4.00 diopters.

On the other hand, disk 43, generally known as the spherical disk, carries, weak spheres which differ in strength by small intervals, for example by 0.25

diopter. V

The disk 42 in each housing IE3 and H provides the customary shutter disk having the usual though not shown. may also have an open aperture, a pin-hole and a filter. These elements and openings in each shutter disk 42 are positioned so that they may be selectively brought into registry withthe sight openings 21 and 2B of the housing which carries. the disk on rotation of the latter. Shutter disks 42 extend beyond their respective housings and are each provided with a fingerpiece 5B for affecting their rotation. V

It may be noted that the axes of the shafts which carry the various disks in the housings J0 and i I are substantially parallel to the axis of the sight openings in their lens carrying housing. 'Also it shouldbe observed that the lenses of the various "disksbesides being in. concentric relation to their respective shaft are each positioned in its respective disk so that its optical axis is substantially parallel to the axis of the shafts when the lens is in operating or non-operating position.

Rotation of. each spherical disk 43 is efiected by hand, these disks extending beyond their respective housings I 0 and II in the manner shown in Figures 1 and 6 and being each provided with 'a knurled flange 49 which affords a grip for manual operation. As is customary in instruments of thischaracter, eachdisk 43 and each basic lens disk 44 within the same housing are interconnected by suitablemechanism, similar to that set forth in Patents 1,804,691 and 1,945,940 heretofore mentioned, so that each disk lid'will be rotated by an amount equal to the 'arcuate spacing between, adjacent basic lenses 45 on each revolution of the weak sphere disk 43 from its zero position.

Conventional mechanism, also similar to that shown in the patents just above noted, is provided in each housing for: rotating the basic lens 44 independently of the disk 43. TlL's mechanism is actuated through a knob .50 secured to a drive shaft which extends through the back face member llof the lens carrying housing for the mechanism. The independent r0- tation of the basic lens disks 4-3 permits quick clearing of the instrument. a

The total power of any working. combination of spherical lenses used with each housing is indicated by any well known means, for example, by means similar to those shown in Patent 1,945,940 heretofore mentioned. qThese means "comprise openings 5| in each spherical disk 43, lens power .indicia the form of numerals 52 'imarked adjacent certain of the openings 5| =on the front'face ofeachi'disk 43 and. other lens .power indicia in the for'm'o'f numerals 54 marked indicia 52 opposite an openihg' 5l is alsopow :sitioned so that it will register with the window 153 simultaneously iwithl'that. opening. Where an? opening 5|"is in registerwith a window 53, :some numeralor numerals 54 because of the "locationofthe-same on the disk 44 in. back of :the opening 5.1 will register with-the latter so .asto' appearfithroughthe window 53- with which ithat openingj 51. is in "register." Observation through each window 53 .is made possible by providing} a suitable cutaway'portion, not illustrated in the drawings, in each shutter disk 42 min alocatiorr wherein it will be positioned in back .ofheach' window 53 when'testingis being conducted with the spherical and cylindrical lens systems. e

;:'?:The lens power indicia .54 which appears through a window 53'is adapted tobe combined :With the indicia 52 showing through that window to indicate the total positiveor negatve lens vzpower in--diopters and fractons thereof for any working lens combination within the lens carry- ;ing' housing of that window as well as zero power when the free aperture of eachdisk 43and 44 the separation between ,each cornea and the working, position for its basic spheres. It has beenfifound. that this'separation, which may be ,termed the refracting distance, is preferably 16. ;mm.; Theimportance of accurate determination gofo the refracting distance will be appreciated ..when it is considered that spectacle lenses prescribed from the results of refraction should, to wgive optimum benefit, beheld before the eyes in :aceordance with therefracting distance used in eyetesting, -f r While. it is a relatively simple matter to .find the refracting distance when using a trial frame, :some-difiiculty is encountered indetermining this distance when using a refractor by reason of the construction of the latter andialsoby the fact that the .patients face is largely covered by such an instrument. In accordance. Withthe invention', th'e optical means .for accomplishing this make use'of a projecting portion 55 in the form of a' generally rectilinear shaped housing which is located on the side of each back face member H' nearest the patient'so that its longitudinal jaiiis j is vertically positionedj As best shown in Figures *1 ans-'5; the lower end of each auxiliary housing 55 is flared outwardly into an extension 5 section 56 within which suitable reflecting means, such-as the right angle: prism'51,are mounted;

Each extension section :55 lies in back of Ja hollow shaft and has thecenter of its interior aligned with the longitudinal. axis of'such shaft. Conventional means making use of pressure screws are employed in mounting each prism 5! so that it is held, as shown in Figures 1 and 3, in center relation to the I longitudinal axis of its respective shaft .40. :1-Eachzi prism 51: is also aligned with: an opening. 58 in the side of its respectiveiextension section 56 which is"adja-. cent the eye'=of:a.patient so that the prism may image thezeye'r- By this constructionv it is only neces'ssary to look through each shaft 40 and into its prism, each prism-:1 being located opposite a position to be occupiedby an eye, in order to observe the'fpatientsl-eyes', this being permitted by forming, an observation window 59in alignment .withleach'shaft 4fl:inythe frontface member I6 of each housing l0 and II. Aseach cylinder I disk'3l iscarried in front of a hollow shaft Mil, it is necessary to have-the latter located with respect'to'th'e .diskso that the free aperture in the disk maybe brought into registry with the hollowshaftwhen the eyeobservation means are in operation. A I

' Also forming a part of the optical means for comparing ,the relative position of each eye to thetbasicfspherical lenses 45, is a suitable scale which may be formed on the face of eachprism '51 that is nearestthe eye of the patient; Each scale is used'in conjunction with a vertically positioned fiducial linefill which is formed on a face of each'window 59 and whichis located to intersect the longitudinal-axis of the hollow shaft scale and the fiducial line 60 and, if necessary, the instrument ;isadjusted'to bring the fiducial line ill and the zero scale mark into common tangency with the "cornea of the eye being ob- U the preferred refracting distance.

It is desirable,v although not essential tothe 46 adjacent 'the window; 'When seen bythe refractionist on looking into a window 59; the scale s and fiducial line appear as shown in Figure '7 fwherein the'image'fil ofthe of the fiducial line 50.

As each prism 5'iis located at a known distance from the planelof abasic sphere inoperating position, the zero scale mark may be reacllily located to indicate the preferred distahce for .carrying out the refraction and the scale marks on each sizeofthe z'erotogindicate the-amount, for example-in millimeters, by which the refract- (ing distancewhich may be'used exceeds or is less --than the preferred retracting distance. :ti'ce, the cornea is sightedv through a hollow. shaft scale isseen inxback- 40 to determine the relation of the cornea to the served, ,When1such is accomplished, at least Where, due to the configuration ured by} noting the location at which the cornea crosses the scale andwas will be well understood;

by adding lor subtracting the scale reading to practice of the invention, to illuminate each cor,-

:-ne'a..while adjusting the instrument to the refracting distance. Illuminating means for this purpose comprise an electric socket 62 which is opening 'in'the back facevof each auxiliary hous- In prac- I .ing 55 permitsaccess to thereflec'tingmeans 51 prism 51 which is nearest the patients eye.

order to prevent glare in the patients' eyes. light sources for this purpose are generally locatshown in each of two movable housings. connecting the sets of bulbs 63 and B6 to a suittherein and is provided with a cover 64 which supports abrackeQ-Hnot'shown. but adapted to carry the socket. 62. Each bracketimay be at- .tachedto its cover by screws 65 or' other suitable fastenings andthe cover may be removably secured to the auxiliary housing by conventional spring clinmeansp P .19 light sourcefin each ia'uxiliary housing 55 islocated somewhat above and to the side ofthe This cxpedientallows' light from each bulb 63 to be "directed through the'opening 58 adjacent the bulb and onto the eye and, byillur'ninating the latter, permits a cl'ear and strongiinage'thereof to the end of facilitating the'Iadjustment-of the refr'actor. Obviously, it is possible to dispense with the'light sources B3 within' the auxiliary housings 55 and .to adjust the instrument by the use of one or more lights located externally thereof.

Eye testing is'preferably conducted in. a'room which is indirectly lighted, direct light being kept from the patients face during the testing which follows adjustment of the instrument in a cover 51 which may be removably secured to the front face memberby the spring clip construction disclosed in Figure 2. 'whichcarries an electric socket 89 for a bulb 66 A bracket 68 is secured to the inner face of each cover 61 by screws or other fastening means.

By locating the light source 66 in each housme so that it is in front of the cylinder disk 34 and shutter disk 42, light therefrom will fall on portions of the lens carrying disks which have vlens power indicia in registration with the windows 35 and 53 so that the indicia may be easily discerned and read. The portion of each sight tube. 31 which extends within each housing together with the mechanism used to rotate the disks will effectively prevent light within the housing from crossingthe'patients' field of vision when he is looking through the sight openings 21 and 28. Also any light from a source 66 which may enter a hollow shaft 40 will be substantially lost before it can reach a patients eye through an opening 58 in an auxiliary housing Two separate light sources operated at different times and for difierentpui'poses have been In able source or electrical energy so that one or the other of the sets may be energized at will, use is made-of a conventional two-way switch 19 which is fixedly mounted on the back of the support is and is hence stationary with respect to the housings If! and I l whenthey are moved for Flexible the pupillary distance adjustment. cables H and 12, shown as leading to and ffrom the switch 70, are formed of a suitable number of wires which latter are, connected, in a manner well understood by the art, to a source of elec- -trical energy .(not shown), the binding posts of .the switch (also not shown) and the electrical 'i'sockets G2 and'ES so that eitherset of bulbs may .be illuminated in accordance with-the position of a fingerpiece 13 for operating the switch, 10.5 When fingerpiece 173' is .in its upper position, shown in Figure 5 as marked Lenses, the bulbs .66 are energized to illuminate the lens power indicia. Movement of fingerpiece 13 to the position marked .Cornea will cut the bulbs 66 out "ofthe'circuit while causing the bulbs-63 in the auxiliary housings to be energized. The wires of cable ii are adaptedto be detachably cornected' to the electrical supply'source and when so connected oneior the other of the two sets of light sources will be energized.

Cables 1-2 extend outwardly on opposite sides of the switch 10 so that each one may be run to .aseparate lens'carrying housing. With reference to Figures 1, 4 and 5, each cable 12 leads downwardly across the back'face member H of its respective lens carrying housing and after passing through the auxiliary housing 55 of such main housing continues outwardly to the edge of the latter which is most distant from the center ofthe instrument. At this last location,

eachlcable T2 ispassed into the lens carrying.

housing with which it is associated and the wires of the cable are connected to the electric socket 69. Lead wires, not illustrated in the drawings, are run from each socket 62 within each auxiliary housing 55 to the cable 12 which passes through such auxiliary housing and are connected in suitable manner to the wires of such cable;

As the housings In and H are movable with respect to the switch 10, each cable 12 is made of a length which isconsider'ably greater than the shortest distance between the switch and the electrical socket Gllwhen the lens carrying housing with whichthe cable is associated is at its outermost position of adjustment. By this expedient, flexible and extensible connection means "are providedbetween the relatively fixed switch It and th'elight sources in the movable lens carrying housings.

Operation of the refractor will be apparent. With the patient seated before the instrument, the refractor is suitably positioned before the 'patients' face and the separation of the housing is adjusted, by means of the hand wheel 23, 'tothe patients pupillary distance. Each cylinder disk 3! is then suitably rotated to align its open aperture with an observation window 59.

Fingerpiece 13 of the switch 10 being in its lower position, the electric bulbs 63 are energized and the refractionist, by sighting through the hol low shafts' lll, is enabled to determine the refracting distance for'the position of the inst-rument. Knowing the refracting distance it is possible for the refractionist, where the configuration of the patientseyes permits of the same, to'move the instrument towards or away from the patients face so as to set the refracting distance at so'mepreferred amount. On moving the fingerpiece' 13 to itsupperpositlon, in order to illuminate the'lens power indicia, the instrument is readyfor carrying out the usual eye tests and examination. These are conducted in well known manner aided by the ability of the instrument to place various combinations of spherical and cylindrical lenses and also elements and openings of the shutter disk 42 before the eyes of the patient. The instrument is also provided with the usual vision testing accessories 14 such as. Maddox ro ds, cross cylinders, Bisley prisms and the like; Sets of these accessories are pivotally mounted on a suitablepost car-' ried by each lens carryingihousing so that they may be selectively positioned before each sight opening 28'. Also, as shownythe instrument is provided with suitable means for supporting the usual reading card, not shown but employed in conducting distance tests 7 From the foregoing,it will be appreciatedthat the aims and objects of the invention have been attained in that an instrument'of simple opera tion and improved efficiency. has been provided. This has'been possible because of thev provision of novel cornea sighting means-also-employable as measuring means fordeterm'ining the refra'cting distance, the construction of the :device whereby the lens power indicia is il-luminated and the use of-simple mechanism. for adjusting the separation of the lens carryinghousingsj Weclaimz' v 1. In an .eye testing device having a disks'car rying a plurality of test lenses, saiddisk being ro-" tatably mounted 'to permit the lenses thereof to be selectively aligned with the eyelof a patient undergoing. examinatio'n, the combination 'of a hollow shaft, said disk rotatably mounted on said shaft, the optical axis of each lens carried-by said disk being substantially parallel-with fthe lo1"i; "g i'-' tudinal axis of said shaft when the lens is in operative position before thepatients eye and light deflectingmeans aligned with said shaft whereby to permit an observer to look through said shaft and observe the position of the cornea of the patients eye with respect to the test lens which is ,7 tion window whereby to illuminate said indicia,

aligned sight opening s i n its housing a -d isk within each housing rotatablymouhted one respective housing on rotatiohjof their "re spective disk, =s'eparate reflecting means carried byeach**housing in align'm with the-shaft therein at a positionto-imag'ejthe"cornea ofthe eye of a patient being-tested whereby an observer looking through a.,- s'haft may: observe" the corn'ea adjacent the shaft; and scele meansandEfiduciaI means associated with 'eachreflecting means for measuring the distance betweneacln cornea of the patient and the respect 'el'y "teem: lens aligned therewith; s"

2 1.5, Ophthalmic 'appara' om singa supportja pairiof hou'singsadjustable-of said supp'ort toward and away frome'a'chether;'each housing being provided with aligned' sig ht;openings in its opposite faces;through which pati'ent' looks, a lens carrying disk in each'h'ous'ing'; lenses mount-- ed in each disk, each disk being rotatably'moiint ed within its housing the lehsesthefrebf 'po sitioned for selective alignment with said-open ings in the housing on rotation o'f th'e disk} lens power indicia on the face or each-disk away hem the patient; each'housing having an observation window: with which said lens {power indiia is adapted to registenlelectric .-'illuminatihg means -withinea'ch housing positioned between the race of thefldisk therein *oniwhich s'aid indic'ia appea/rs and the faceof the housing having said observacontrol means operable at will for, causingsaid illuminating means to be energized, said control means carried by said support and adapted to be having a scale and a fiducial line whereby to permit an observer to look through said shaft to observe the position of the cornea of the patients eye with respect to the test lens which.

is aligned with said eye and to measure the distance between said cornea and said test lens.

3. In an eye testing instrument having a housing provided with a sight opening in its front and its back face through which a patient looks and a disk which is rotatably mounted within the housing and carries a plurality of test lenses in positions to be selectively aligned with said sight openings on rotation of said disk, the combination of a hollow shaft mounted in said housing, said disk being rotatably mounted on said shaft, and optical means at one end of said shaft for forming in alignment therewith an image of the cornea of an eye of a patient who is being tested whereby an observer may see an image of said cornea on looking into said shaft, the longitudinal axis of said shaft and the axis which extends through said sight openings being substantially parallel with each other.

4. The combination in an eye testing instrument of a pair of housings, each housing having a pair of aligned sight openings through which an eye of a patient is adapted to look, a hollow shaft within each housing, the axis of each shaft being substantially parallel with the axis of the connected to a source of electrical energy, and extensible conductor means connecting said control means to the illuminating means within each housing, each housing havingan opening adjacent the observation window, a plate detachably secured to the housing for covering said opening, said illuminating means comprising an incandescent lamp, said lamp being secured to the inner face of said plate.

6. In an eye testing instrument having a housing provided with a sight opening in its front and its back face through which a patient looks and a disk which 'is rotatably mounted within the housing and carries a plurality of test lenses in positions to be selectively aligned with said sight openings on rotation of said disk, the combination of a hollow shaft mounted in said housing, said disk being rotatably mounted on said shaft, optical means at one end of said shaft and in alignment therewith for imaging the cornea of an eye of a patient who .is being tested whereby an observer may see an image of said cornea on looking into said shaft, the longitudinal axis of said shaft and the axis extending through said sight openings being substantially parallel with each other, and a light source carried by said housing adjacent said optical means whereby to illuminate the eye of the patient being tested.

7. The combination in. an eye testing instrument of a pair of housings, each housing having a pair of aligned sight openings through which the eye'of a patient is adapted to look, a pair of shafts mounted in each housing, one shaft of each pair beingv hollow and each shaft of each pair having its longitudinal axis substantially parallel to the aligned sight openings in its hous ing, a disk rotatably mounted oneach shaft, lenses carried by each disk and each disk being provided with an open aperture, the lenses and open. apertu eef each .disk heine nQsitiQned to be se eetiv ly ali ned wi h the sightepenings in hei esnectiye h us n en retation of .theii: re.- snee ive .disk, the hollow ha t QI each pair of Sha ts be ng located. with reagent. to the secpnd sha t of. cash pair to h ve t e l nses and fre aneit ie of the d sk 9. 1 the secqhd. shaft, hrqught int a i nment. w h an ndear said hollew shaft, iheiaee at each housin niest. distant. mm the Patient ha in an peh neali ned with the hnl: low-shah theicei i, and. optical means ali ned with each h llow s aft for imaging the cornea of the eye. 9i a pa ie t bein tested whereby. an ob: serve leakin thmueh a ellow Shaft may oh: serve the cornea adjacent that Shaft. .8.- n an phthalmieinstmment.having. a si ht amt-tu le, a di k earminea. plurality of spaced qntieaielements a. shaf an which. said: d sh s roiat bly mciunted to. permit said elements tot he el eetiyelx positioned in alignment. with said nertute, said shaithavirig. a sight Qpenina. and means. er. measuxinethe distance between he ar es. 0i. an exe nnsition iizbeiore said. apes: ime anti o eoi the. optica elements positioned i i. al gnm nt with theapenture. saidmeahs com: misinafldueiaLmeans and light deflecting, means in. ht ca a enmentwith saint siehtopeninei i .1 h an ophthalmic instrument thecomhinaw ioh at a. housing havin a sight-aperture, a. disk ee-tr n a nlwralitst of,- lenses inspaeed relation e oiieits neicinhery, a shafthavine a longiimlfiir:

na l sight opening, said disk being .fotatably mounted on said shaft whereby the lenses may be selectively. positioned before. the sight aperhuge, and means for locating the eye of a patient with respect to aiens positioned before said apertn re, said means comprising optical means for imaging the eye in alignment withthe sight opening and fiducial means cooperatively asso eiated with th optical means.

10mm an ephthalmie instrument the combi natiqn e'f-a hqusing'having a sight aperture, 11 first-disk carrying a plurality of spaced lenses, a bellow: shaft, said disk beingrotatable on said shaft whereby saidilensesmaybe. selectively positioned befoige said aperture, a seeond disk having spaced lenses and a free aperture, said sec-- one disk everlyine said. first disk and having a smaller diameterthari said first dishsaid secand disk beinexotatahky mounted whereby its lenses or the free aperture may be selectively positiuned epppsite saia sight. aperture, thesrotation 0i said seeo ct also being adapted tq seleQtively nqsition said free aperture.- onposi e an and et said hollow sh ft, ahd me ns. f r; eeteizmi-nme the dis anc between a ns nd; an; eye. positioned hes ioize said si ht; atieiihiteg said. means; cnmm'isine light deflectin means in entice aiienment, with aid: 0110! shaft. and. spate. means asseeiated Withs id lie-ht. defieei ine means.

EREDEBK'IK. JQBE. 

